J Lee Lehman has had series of articles recently called "Signs on the 1st, Signs on the 6th" having to do with health. If you are not subscribed to The Mountain Astrologer magazine you might try searching for the author for more information.
I think there is. The 1st house rules your physical body. While stuff can potentially happen to you, you can also create your own health issues.
Some people broke out with acne when Pluto transited their 1st house.
Some people gained weight when Jupiter transits their 1st.
I think someone with Mars or Jupiter in the 1st would be more likely to approach life with more vitality than someone with Saturn or Neptune in the 1st.
There is a link between mind and body. A person with Jupiter in the 1st may be optimistic, and taking this approach in life, eat whatever they want, generally not worrying about health issues or gaining weight. If you have Jupiter in the 6th, this attitude might be taken towards one's general health.
Someone with Neptune in the 1st might be more porous and easily catch cold.
If a person has Mars in the 1st, and their general first reaction to things is to get angry, this might elevate their blood pressure, and they end up getting issues related to the blood vessels and heart. They could also be someone who exercises a lot and has a healthy heart.
Saturn in the 1st can confer an amount of fear or anxiety when approaching life, so I wouldn't be surprised if issues occur in regards to stress, teeth, or bones. Apparently stress can lead to osteoporosis, and osteoporosis can lead to stress.
Teresina said
Some people gained weight when Jupiter transits their 1st.
Jupiter crossed my ascendant in the last week. It had been in the back of my mind, but after feeling ravenous and fluffier than usual, I remembered the transit was oncoming. I double checked and there he is, Jupiter boldly showing himself in my 1st house. A tad bit round my middle too. With my moon in the 6th, I had finally begun to track how my diet influences my feelings and since 2015 had lost quite a bit of weight and kept it off. I am a little nervous for this transit, but intend to stay conscious of the reasons for overindulgence (stress, mostly). Over the past couple years, I have gratefully become aware of the daily changes and fluctuations of my body (6th house) and it is evident in my appearance (1st house).
Well, the body does affect your health, so there's that. 
Thank you all so much for your thoughtful and illuminating responses!
@Chad - So true! No houses (or planets) exist in a vacuum. It is definitely a journey, and everything works in tandem!
@Allie120 - That makes sense. If you don't 'do' your first house via any signs there, and any planets and the rulers, you don't know yourSELF. You don't know who you are! You can't be authentic!
Further investigation of this subject revealed some interesting information. According to traditional astrology, it is the FIRST HOUSE that rules the general state of health; and healers, doctors, treatments, etc. belong to the 6th. Serious states of ill-health belong to the 12th, along with hospitalization.
Astrologer John Frawley, a master of traditional practice, writes this about the 6th house on page 177 of The Real Astrology Applied:
“This is the house of the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune: of all the things that the harsh, cruel world and that odd bunch of people who inhabit it conspire to inflict upon us. Planets in this house are weakened and can harm the other houses that they rule."
"This is not the house of health," Frawley contends, "but the house of illness. The 1st house indicates one’s health or vitality; the 6th describes what undermines it."
This is no surprise when we see the link between being authentically 'who we are' and being healthy. Disease is energy degraded, and we can become unwell when we deny and repress essential aspects of ourself.
@Myrna - Will do! Thank you very much for the recommendation. 🙂
Buendia said
Teresina said
Some people gained weight when Jupiter transits their 1st.Jupiter crossed my ascendant in the last week. It had been in the back of my mind, but after feeling ravenous and fluffier than usual, I remembered the transit was oncoming. I double checked and there he is, Jupiter boldly showing himself in my 1st house. A tad bit round my middle too. With my moon in the 6th, I had finally begun to track how my diet influences my feelings and since 2015 had lost quite a bit of weight and kept it off. I am a little nervous for this transit, but intend to stay conscious of the reasons for overindulgence (stress, mostly). Over the past couple years, I have gratefully become aware of the daily changes and fluctuations of my body (6th house) and it is evident in my appearance (1st house).
When Jupiter in virgo transited my Asc year 2004 I lost lots of weight, due to bulemia. So for me jupiter=loss of weight. After the transit I was back on eating healthy again so thankfully my bulemia didn't last. Also Uranus was transiting my 6th house back then so it was corelated I believe.